Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Incidence and Associated Factors

Abstract

Introduction: Reliable venous access is essential for patients hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The use of central venous catheters (CVCs) is associated with a substantial risk of serious complications, particularly catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). The objective was to evaluate the occurrence, incidence and factors associated with CRBSIs in children hospitalized in the PICU. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a PICU between January 2022 and February 2024. All children requiring CVC insertion with a dwell time exceeding 48 hours were included. CVCs included tunneled (Broviac®) and non-tunneled catheters (internal jugular, subclavian, femoral). PICC lines and Jonathon catheters were excluded. Results: During the study period, 85 CVCs were inserted in 70 children. The incidence density of CRBSIs was 7.6 per 1000 CVC-days. Univariate analyses identified several factors significantly associated with CRBSIs, including catheter-associated thrombosis. Conclusion: CVC-related complications, particularly CRBSIs, remain frequent in the PICU. Identifying associated factors highlights the need for reinforced preventive measures, strict catheter management protocols, and early detection of complications.