Stevens-Johnson syndrome: an unusual expression of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Abstract

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), a rare and serious skin condition, is characterized by destruction of the lower epidermis and mucous membranes. It is often of medicinal origin and rarely of infectious origin. We report the case of a boy, aged 4, with no history, presented with cutaneous-mucosal lesions extended to the entire body. These lesions were preceded by cough and rhinorrhea three days ago. No medication was administrated. Physical examination revealed cutaneous-mucosal lesions suggestive of severe SJS associated with ophthalmic abnormalities consisting in corneal and conjunctival ulcers. No other abnormality, especially respiratory, was reported. On biology, a normochromic normocytic regenerative anemia and a biological inflammatory syndrome were found. Mycoplasma serology confirmed a primary infection with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (MP). Chest x-ray was normal. Thus, the diagnosis of SJS of infectious origin due to MP was established. Treatment included local care and a macrolide with a favourable outcome after 15 days.