Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children and macrophage activation syndrome: case study

Abstract

The Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a condition characterized by hyperinflammatory phenomena, complicating SARS-CoV-2 infections in the pediatric population. It may occasionally trigger macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and could lead to multiorgan system dysfunction. We report three patients hospitalized in the department of pediatrics, emergency and resuscitation of the University hospital Hedi Chaker of Sfax during 2021. All of them had marked clinical and biological signs of inflammation confirming MIS-C, but also strongly evoking MAS. Bone marrow study showed intramedullary hemophagocytosis. Prompt diagnosis and suppression of systemic inflammation using Venoglobulin, methylprednisolone and aspirin were associated with a favorable outcome.