Infection Control and Prevention in Tunisian Neonatal and Pediatric Care

Abstract

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a major threat in Tunisian neonatal and pediatric units, where vulnerable patients are exposed to high-risk procedures amid resource limitations. This review outlines the epidemiology, risk factors, and microbiological patterns of HAIs in these populations, and examines current prevention practices in Tunisia. Although national guidelines align with WHO and CDC standards, their implementation is uneven due to staffing shortages, infrastructure deficits, and weak performance of Hospital Hygiene Committees. Core preventive measures—hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, isolation practices, and device management—remain insufficiently applied and require stronger training, monitoring, and accountability. Emerging approaches such as family-centered care, safe feeding practices, water safety, and digital auditing offer promising support. Additional priorities include universal masking, and staff vaccination against respiratory virus. Strengthening surveillance, expanding workforce education, and adopting context appropriate innovations are essential to reduce HAIs. A coordinated multisectoral strategy is crucial to protect neonates and children and to align Tunisian healthcare with global standards.